Steer-by-wire
Steer-by-wire technology represents a modern way of controlling wheel steering or machine articulation, which does not use a mechanical or hydraulic link but only an electronic signal.
The 'by-wire' concept was originally developed for the aerospace industry, in which 'fly-by-wire' technology replaced conventional mechanical control over time. However, steer-by-wire is nowadays being widely discussed and explored within the automotive industry and, in recent years, is also becoming more frequently used for controlling off-highway equipment and vehicles.
Its major advantages include the overall simplicity of the system and a lower total number of components needed compared to traditional mechanical or hydraulic steering. Mechanical engineers and manufacturers particularly appreciate the reduction in installation space, especially in machines with rotating or tilting cabins. The steer-by-wire solution is also well-suited for machines without a standard cabin with a dashboard, or those operated solely by a remote control.
Another advantage of steer-by-wire technology is its universal application, as it can be integrated into virtually any type or size of machine or vehicle. Compared to mechanical steering, it offers more precise control and, above all, almost immediate response thanks to the fast transmission of electronic signal.
In terms of HMI, CAN joysticks, electronic steering wheels, electronic pedals, and radio remote control are most commonly used when integrating steer-by-wire into off-highway equipment. It is also not uncommon that the operator has more than one option of controlling the machine – for example, steering the machine by turning an electronic steering wheel in the cabin, or being outside of the machine and controlling it only using a remote control.
In general, steer-by-wire technology is divided into two basic types – hydraulic and electric. In case of the hydraulic option, the steering is controlled using an electrohydraulic unit. When designing solutions for our customers, we usually work with the Danfoss EHi steering unit. We have used this type of steer-by-wire for controlling the articulation of a heavy forestry tractor or for steering all four wheels of a self-propelled agricultural sprayer.
In case of the electric steer-by-wire, the wheel steering is operated by electric motors that are controlled by a special unit. In our projects, we typically use a Curtis Instruments controller specifically designed for steer-by-wire applications. We have integrated electric steering as part of the drive system for an electric tow tractor, and we have also used it for controlling all four wheels on an autonomous agricultural robot.
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Contact detailsDaniel Batla
Head of Software Solutions & Electronics
